Unfortunately, no matter how hard you try, sometimes things just don't work out. Obviously, if you still think things can work keep trying, but if you're constantly unhappy, perhaps it's time to let go.
How do you know when it's time to break up? You're not happy anymore. You don't want to be with him or her, and when you are you feel uncomfortable-- like something isn't right.
You may feel like you "owe" your boyfriend or girlfriend something, but what you really owe them is your honesty. Even if you're with the greatest person in the world, if you're unhappy when you're with him or her, eventually he or she will catch on, and that you were unhappy and still stayed will hurt the person more in the long run. Don't think you're doing anyone a favor; you're only hurting both of you more.
If there's someone else in the picture-- well, take it easy for your ex's sake (assuming your ex didn't cheat on you).
Now generally, breakups are not the violent "I hate you and hope I never see you again" that we so often see on television-- thankfully, because those are the worst kind. However, most breakups are painful.
If you struggle, you will hurt more. If you accept that it's going to hurt, it won't hurt so much. And, in the long run, if you're unhappy, breaking up is for the best.
Of course, just because all breakups are painful does not mean they all hurt the same. Here are a few suggestions for minimizing the hurt (note that these suggestions assume you are not on extremely bad terms with the person you want to break up with):
Now the above suggestions only apply if you still care about each other, and you treated each other right. If abuse was involved, the situation is much different.
There is no need to retaliate. If your ex spreads rumors about you, only idiots will believe them. There's no need to get upset and try to fight to save your name; often, if you do, people will only think you're trying to cover something up. So let it go. Striking back will only draw the pain out. Besides, the people that really do care about you will take the time to get the facts straight, and the rest don't matter.
Usually you can handle things on your own, or with the help of your friends. However, there is one situation where you do need to seek help. If he or she seriously threatens you-- or if you're not sure whether he's (she's) serious-- you need to tell someone. Yeah, it may seem embarrassing, but don't let it be-- he's the one that's done something wrong, not you! There is nothing you can do that makes it "okay" for anyone to threaten you. You having to live in fear is never "okay."
Who can you talk to? Hopefully your parents can be of help, but if they're not available-- or they won't listen-- ask a teacher, a religious leader, a friend's parents-- heck, anyone you can, just someone that will listen and will see to it that you are protected. If it's really serious, call the police. Don't be afraid to ask for help.
If you were the one that broke up with your ex, at least you can say that he or she wasn't making you happy anymore and the time for your relationship was over.
What happens, though, when you were happy to be with your ex, and you didn't want things to end-- and yet he or she goes and breaks up with you?
If you've spent a lot of time together-- if you really love him or her-- losing the person could be one of the hardest things in your teenage years. That's good because you probably won't have to deal with much worse. Of course, you have to deal with losing your love.
For a long time you'll feel paralyzed and shocked. You need to get out of this stage as quickly as possible. Sure, take a few days for it to register, but after that don't stay immobilized. The important thing to do those first few weeks is to get moving. Remember all those things that you wanted to do but never got around to? Pick one and go do it now. Was there something you always wanted to try but couldn't because you were with him? Try it now. Do things you want to do.
Yes, there will be times to cry-- many, many-- and certainly, cry! You need to feel the pain so you can get over it-- but don't just sit there and grieve for days; if you cry too much, you're not going to get over him any better than if you don't cry at all. That's why you need to do things!
Also, make sure to take a break from your ex for awhile (at least a few months). Sure, he or she may still be nice, but if you keep hanging around him or her you aren't going to get over your ex. You need to take some time by yourself to figure out who you are, to do the things you want to do. Being with your ex will hinder that.
Take some time to yourself. And remember, he or she broke up with you because of conflicting (different) interests, not because you are a bad person. You are every bit as good now as you were with your ex.
Yes, breakups hurt a lot, but if you take your time-- giving yourself plenty to heal-- and avoid self-defeating behavior (like always trying to find out what he or she is doing now, who your ex is with, etc.)-- you will survive. Stop and catch those little self-defeating remarks. You aren't a bad person. You are every bit as worthy of love now as you were then, and that love is still going to come someday.
Besides, after all this pain and suffering has ended, you WILL be stronger for it. You'll not only know more about relationships, but you'll understand much better than you did before, and maybe next time things will work out perfectly (or close).
One last word of advice: take the time to heal alone. Don't jump into a new relationship. You're not ready for it. Even if this new guy or gal is great, you're still going to have a heck of a time because you haven't gotten over your feelings for your ex. It's much better to get over the old first and then go with the new if you still feel like it. Replacing the old with the new rarely works, and it's much easier to deal with one broken relationship than two.
Oh, and if you were trying to get revenge, you're only hurting everyone but your ex-- yourself, because your feelings will only be amplified if you keep bringing them up in spite rather than dealing with them, and the other person, the one you're dating now, because he or she genuinely thinks he has a chance with you when you're really just using him to get back at your ex. Don't do this! Give it up! It's over! There is no need to seek revenge. You will only hurt yourself and others.
Trust me, you can recover, and you will even find love again someday-- but the path there is not through fighting with your past, but by examining who you are now, by discovering your true self, so that the one who truly loves "you for you" can find you.